一、通风管道核心知识

1、 Core knowledge of ventilation ducts

主要类型

Main types

矩形风管：空间利用率高，适用于建筑层高受限场景（如商场、办公楼）。

Rectangular duct: With high space utilization, it is suitable for scenarios with limited building height, such as shopping malls and office buildings.

圆形风管：气流阻力小，适合长距离送风或高压系统（如工业排风）。

Circular duct: with low airflow resistance, suitable for long-distance air supply or high-pressure systems (such as industrial exhaust).

螺旋风管：自带加强筋，强度高且漏风率低，常见于洁净室或实验室。

Spiral air duct: equipped with reinforcing ribs, high strength and low air leakage rate, commonly found in clean rooms or laboratories.

软管风管：柔性可弯曲，用于临时通风或设备连接（如施工排烟）。

Flexible hose duct: Flexible and bendable, used for temporary ventilation or equipment connection (such as construction smoke exhaust).

材质选择

Material selection

镀锌钢板：经济耐用，需防潮处理（适用80%常规场景）。

Galvanized steel plate: economical and durable, requiring moisture-proof treatment (suitable for 80% of conventional scenarios).

不锈钢：耐腐蚀、耐高温，用于厨房排烟、化工厂等特殊环境。

Stainless steel: corrosion-resistant and high-temperature resistant, used in special environments such as kitchen smoke exhaust and chemical plants.

玻璃钢（FRP）：抗酸碱、绝缘，适合实验室或沿海高盐雾区域。

Fiberglass reinforced plastic (FRP): resistant to acid and alkali, insulated, suitable for laboratories or high salt spray areas along the coast.

复合风管（酚醛/聚氨酯）：保温隔音一体化，用于医院、数据中心等静压箱需求场景。

Composite air duct (phenolic/polyurethane): Integrated insulation and sound insulation, used in static pressure box demand scenarios such as hospitals and data centers.

关键参数

key parameter 

风速控制：主风管8-12m/s（民用），15-20m/s（工业）；支管5-8m/s。

Wind speed control: main air duct 8-12m/s (civilian), 15-20m/s (industrial); Branch pipe 5-8m/s.

压力等级：低压（≤500Pa）、中压（500-1500Pa）、高压（>1500Pa）。

Pressure rating: low pressure (≤ 500Pa), medium pressure (500-1500Pa), high pressure (>1500Pa).

二、设计规范与标准

2、 Design specifications and standards

中国标准

Chinese standards

《GB 50243-2016 通风与空调工程施工质量验收规范》

GB 50243-2016 Code for Acceptance of Construction Quality of Ventilation and Air Conditioning Engineering

《GB 50736-2012 民用建筑供暖通风与空气调节设计规范》

GB 50736-2012 Design Code for Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning of Civil Buildings

国际参考

International reference

SMACNA（美国钣金与空调承包商协会）：风管制作与安装细则

SMACNA (Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors Association): Guidelines for Duct Manufacturing and Installation

ASHRAE Handbook：通风系统设计参数与能效指南

ASHRAE Handbook： Guidelines for Design Parameters and Energy Efficiency of Ventilation Systems

三、安装技术要点

3、 Key points of installation technology

施工原则

Construction principles

优先布置主干管，减少弯头与变径（弯头曲率半径≥1.5倍管径）。

Prioritize the arrangement of main pipes and reduce bends and diameter changes (bend curvature radius ≥ 1.5 times the pipe diameter).

与电缆桥架间距≥0.3m，交叉时风管在上方（防止冷凝水滴落）。

The distance between the cable tray and the air duct should be ≥ 0.3m, and the air duct should be above when crossing (to prevent condensation water droplets from falling).

连接方式

Connection method

法兰连接：高压系统首选，需密封胶条+螺栓紧固。

Flange connection: preferred for high-pressure systems, requiring sealing strips and bolt fastening.

插接式：快速安装，适用于低压复合风管。

Plug in type: quick installation, suitable for low-pressure composite air ducts.

焊接：不锈钢风管特殊节点处理（如排烟系统高温段）。

Welding: Special node treatment for stainless steel air ducts (such as high-temperature sections of smoke exhaust systems).

减震与保温

Shock absorption and insulation

风机进出口设软连接（防火帆布或橡胶），支架加装减震垫。

Install soft connections (fireproof canvas or rubber) at the inlet and outlet of the fan, and install shock-absorbing pads on the bracket.

保温层厚度按防结露计算（如南方地区≥30mm橡塑保温）。

The thickness of the insulation layer is calculated based on anti condensation measures (such as rubber insulation with a thickness of ≥ 30mm in southern regions).

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